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Új oldal, tartalma: „{{irányelv}} ===Letters=== {|class = "wikitable" |- !Letter !Rom. !Class. IPA !Koine IPA !Byzan. IPA !Cont. IPA !before {{lang|grc|αι ε ει ευ η ῃ ηυ ι ο…”
 
A lap tartalmának cseréje erre: {{irányelv}} Lásd: *https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93g%C3%B6r%C3%B6g_nyelv#%C3%8Dr%C3%A1s_%C3%A9s_kiejt%C3%A9s
Címke: Oldal nagy része eltávolítva
1. sor:
{{irányelv}}
 
Lásd:
===Letters===
*https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93g%C3%B6r%C3%B6g_nyelv#%C3%8Dr%C3%A1s_%C3%A9s_kiejt%C3%A9s
{|class = "wikitable"
|-
!Letter
!Rom.
!Class. IPA
!Koine IPA
!Byzan. IPA
!Cont. IPA
!before {{lang|grc|αι ε ει ευ η ῃ ηυ ι οι υ υι}}
!Notes
|-
| {{lang|grc|Α α}}
|<tt>A Ā a ā</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[a]|[aː]}}
|{{IPAchar|[a]|[aː]}}
|{{IPAchar|[a]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[a]}}
|In Classical polytonic, the length distinction of {{lang|grc|ᾰ}} ({{IPAchar|[a]}}) and {{lang|grc|ᾱ}} ({{IPAchar|[aː]}}) is not usually indicated in writing or transcription. However, if {{lang|grc|ᾱ}} ''needs'' to be transcribed, <tt>ā</tt> suffices.
|-
| {{lang|grc|Β β}}
|<tt>B b</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[b]}}
|{{IPAchar|[b]}}
|{{IPAchar|[β]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[v]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|Γ γ}}
|<tt>G g</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ɡ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɣ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɣ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ʝ]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|Δ δ}}
|<tt>D d</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[d]}}
|{{IPAchar|[d]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ð]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[ð]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|Ε ε}}
|<tt>E e</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[e]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɛ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[e]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[e]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|Ϝ ϝ}}
|<tt>W w</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[w]}}
|colspan="4"|''N\A''
|Not native to Attic-Ionic (lost in pre-classical times). If pronounced {{IPAchar|[w]}}, Classical Attic kept it silent and Koine adapted it as {{lang|grc|ου}}. If pronounced {{IPAchar|[β~v]}}, both Classical Attic and Koine adapted it as {{lang|grc|β}}.
|-
| {{lang|grc|Ζ ζ}}
|<tt>Z z</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[zd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[z]|[zz]}}
|{{IPAchar|[z]|[zz]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[z]|[(z)z]}}
|Was metrically considered an interchangeably single or double consonant in Koine (typically double between vowels).
|-
| {{lang|grc|Η η}}
|<tt>Ē ē</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ɛː]}}
|{{IPAchar|[eː]}}
|{{IPAchar|[i]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[i]}}
|Finishes merging with {{lang|grc|ι/ϊ}} in Byzantine.
|-
| {{lang|grc|Θ θ}}
|<tt>Th th</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[tʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[tʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[θ]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[θ]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|Ι ι ϊ}}
|<tt>I Ī i ī ï</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[i]|[iː]}}
|{{IPAchar|[i]|[iː]}}
|{{IPAchar|[i]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[i]}}
|In Classical polytonic, the length distinction of {{lang|grc|ῐ}} ({{IPAchar|[i]}}) and {{lang|grc|ῑ}} ({{IPAchar|[iː]}}) is not usually indicated in writing or transcription. However, if {{lang|grc|ῑ}} ''needs'' to be transcribed, <tt>ī</tt> suffices.
|-
| {{lang|grc|Κ κ}}
|<tt>K k</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[k]}}
|{{IPAchar|[k]}}
|{{IPAchar|[k]}}
|{{IPAchar|[k]}}
|{{IPAchar|[c]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|Λ λ}}
|<tt>L l</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[l]}}
|{{IPAchar|[l]}}
|{{IPAchar|[l]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[l]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|Μ μ}}
|<tt>M m</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[m]}}
|{{IPAchar|[m]}}
|{{IPAchar|[m]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[m]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|Ν ν}}
|<tt>N n</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[n]}}
|{{IPAchar|[n]}}
|{{IPAchar|[n]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[n]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|Ξ ξ}}
|<tt>Ks ks</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[kʰs]}}
|{{IPAchar|[kʰs]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ks]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[ks]}}
|See digraph exceptions further down.
|-
| {{lang|grc|Ο ο}}
|<tt>O o</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[o]}}
|{{IPAchar|[o]}}
|{{IPAchar|[o]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[o]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|Π π}}
|<tt>P p</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[p]}}
|{{IPAchar|[p]}}
|{{IPAchar|[p]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[p]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|Ρ ρ}}
|<tt>Rh rh r</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[hr]|[r]}}
|{{IPAchar|[(h)r]|[r]}}
|{{IPAchar|[r]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[ɾ]}}
|Normal {{lang|grc|ρ}} is {{IPAchar|[r]}} and transcribed <tt>r</tt>. In Classical, {{lang|grc|ῥ}} is voiceless {{IPAchar|[r̥]}} and transcribed <tt>rh</tt>, and {{lang|grc|ρρ}} or {{lang|grc|ῤῥ}} is voiceless {{IPAchar|[rr̥]}} and transcribed <tt>rrh</tt>. Koine {{lang|grc|ῥ}} is {{IPAchar|[r̥]}} or {{IPAchar|[r]}}, and {{lang|grc|ῤῥ}} is {{IPAchar|[rr̥]}} or {{IPAchar|[rr]}}. All are voiced {{IPAchar|[r]}} in Byzantine onward, except in [[Atticist]] writings.
|-
| {{lang|grc|Σ σ ς}}
|<tt>S s</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[s]}}
|{{IPAchar|[s]}}
|{{IPAchar|[s]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[s]}}
|See digraph exceptions further down.
|-
| {{lang|grc|Τ τ}}
|<tt>T t</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[t]}}
|{{IPAchar|[t]}}
|{{IPAchar|[t]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[t]}}
|See diagraph exceptions further down.
|-
| {{lang|grc|Υ υ ϋ}}
|<tt>Hu Hū hu hū u ū ü</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ʉ]|[ʉː]}}
|{{IPAchar|[y]|[yː]}}
|{{IPAchar|[y]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[i]}}
|In Classical polytonic, the length distinction of {{lang|grc|ῠ}} ({{IPAchar|[y]}}) and {{lang|grc|ῡ}} ({{IPAchar|[yː]}}) is not usually indicated in writing or transcription. However, if {{lang|grc|ᾱ}} ''needs'' to be transcribed, <tt>ā</tt> suffices.
 
Originally a back vowel {{IPAchar|[u uː]}}, the influential Attic dialect shifted it to front {{IPAchar|[y yː]}} early on. Merges with {{lang|grc|ι}} in 10th century Byzantine Greek, but merges with {{lang|grc|ου}} in the Old Athenian dialect until it becomes extinct in the 20th century.
|-
| {{lang|grc|Φ φ}}
|<tt>Ph ph</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[pʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[pʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɸ]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[f]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|Χ χ}}
|<tt>Kh kh</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[kʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[kʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[x]}}
|{{IPAchar|[x]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ç]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|Ψ ψ}}
|<tt>Ps ps</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[pʰs]}}
|{{IPAchar|[pʰs]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ps]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[ps]}}
|See digraph exceptions further down.
|-
| {{lang|grc|Ω ω}}
|<tt>Ō ō</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ɔː]}}
|{{IPAchar|[oː]}}
|{{IPAchar|[o]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[o]}}
|Merges with {{lang|grc|ο}} late in Koine.
|}
 
===Vowel digraphs===
{|class = "wikitable"
!Spelling
!Rom.
!Class. IPA
!Koine IPA
!Byzan. IPA
!Cont. IPA
!Notes
|-
| {{lang|grc|Αι αι}}
|<tt>Ai ai</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ai̯]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɛː]}}
|{{IPAchar|[e]}}
|{{IPAchar|[e]}}
|Merges with {{lang|grc|ε}} in late Koine among the Hellenists and in Alexandria, and treated as an allophone of it from then on.
|-
| {{lang|grc|ᾼ ᾳ}}
|<tt>Āi āi</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[aːi̯]}}
|{{IPAchar|[aː]}}
|{{IPAchar|[a]}}
|{{IPAchar|[a]}}
|Classically spelt {{lang|grc|ΑΙ}}. In Koine, becomes collated simply as {{lang|grc|α}} as they merge.
|-
| {{lang|grc|Αυ αυ}}
|<tt>Au Āu au āu</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[au̯]|[aːu̯]}}
|{{IPAchar|[aw]|[aːw]}}
|{{IPAchar|[av]}}
|{{IPAchar|[av]}}
|See {{lang|grc|αυ/ευ/ηυ}} exceptions further down.
|-
| {{lang|grc|Ει ει}}
|<tt>Ei ei</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[eː]}}
|{{IPAchar|[iː]}}
|{{IPAchar|[i]}}
|{{IPAchar|[i]}}
|The Archaic Greek diphthong {{IPAchar|[ei̯]}} was monophthongized to {{IPAchar|[eː]}} in Attic, and merged with original long {{IPAchar|[eː]}} (the "[[spurious diphthong]]") from [[compensatory lengthening]] or contraction, except before vowels.
 
In the learned Koine pronunciation of the foreign Romans, {{lang|grc|ει}} was typically an allophone of {{lang|grc|η}} immediately before other vowels, and an allophone of {{lang|grc|ι}} everywhere else. Alexandrians treated it as an allophone of {{lang|grc|ῑ}} in all circumstances, a trend that would become standard in Byzantine.
|-
| {{lang|grc|Ευ ευ}}
|<tt>Eu eu</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[eu̯]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɛw]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ev]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ev]}}
|See {{lang|grc|αυ/ευ/ηυ}} exceptions further down.
|-
| {{lang|grc|ῌ ῃ}}
|<tt>Ēi ēi</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ɛːi̯]}}
|{{IPAchar|[eː]}}
|{{IPAchar|[i]}}
|{{IPAchar|[i]}}
|Classically spelt {{lang|grc|ΗΙ}}. In Koine, becomes collated simply as {{lang|grc|η}} as they merge.
|-
| {{lang|grc|Ηυ ηυ}}
|<tt>Ēu ēu</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ɛːu̯]}}
|{{IPAchar|[eːw]}}
|{{IPAchar|[iv]}}
|{{IPAchar|[iv]}}
|See {{lang|grc|αυ/ευ/ηυ}} exceptions further down.
|-
| {{lang|grc|Οι οι}}
|<tt>Oi oi</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[oi̯]}}<!-- possibly [øː/øy], then [oi̯] is Archaic Greek -->
|{{IPAchar|[yː]}}
|{{IPAchar|[y]}}
|{{IPAchar|[i]}}
|Merges together with {{lang|grc|ῡ}} and {{lang|grc|υι}} in Koine, even earlier in Athens.
|-
| {{lang|grc|Ου ου}}
|<tt>Ou ou</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[oː]}}
|{{IPAchar|[uː]}}
|{{IPAchar|[u]}}
|{{IPAchar|[u]}}
|The Archaic Greek diphthong {{IPAchar|[ou̯]}} was monophthongized to {{IPAchar|[oː]}} in Attic, and merged with original long {{IPAchar|[oː]}} (the "spurious diphthong") from compensatory lengthening or contraction. {{IPAchar|[oː]}} was raised to {{IPAchar|[uː]}} early on in Athens, remaining an allophone of {{IPAchar|[oː]}} until {{lang|grc|ω}} fills that pronunciation.
|-
| {{lang|grc|Υι υι υϊ}}
|<tt>Hui hui ui uï</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[yː]}}
|{{IPAchar|[yː]}}
|{{IPAchar|[y]}}
|{{IPAchar|[i]}}
|Merges with {{lang|grc|ῡ}} in Koine, and earlier on in Athens.
|-
| {{lang|grc|ῼ ῳ}}
|<tt>Ōi ōi</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ɔːi̯]}}
|{{IPAchar|[oː]}}
|{{IPAchar|[o]}}
|{{IPAchar|[o]}}
|Classically spelt {{lang|grc|ΩΙ}}. In Koine, becomes collated simply as {{lang|grc|ω}} as they merge.
|-
| {{lang|grc|Ωυ ωυ}}
|<tt>Ōu ōu</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ɔː.y]}}
|{{IPAchar|[oː.y]}}
|{{IPAchar|[oy]}}
|{{IPAchar|[oi]}}
|Ionic Greek diphthong (originally pronounced {{IPAchar|[ɔːu̯]}}), separated into two separate vowels, {{lang|grc|ωϋ}}, when loaned into Classical Attic onward.
|}
 
===Consonant digraphs and exceptions===
{|class = "wikitable"
!Spelling
!Rom.
!Class. IPA
!Koine IPA
!Byzan. IPA
!Cont. IPA
!before {{lang|grc|αι ε ει ευ η ῃ ηυ ι οι υ υι}}
!Notes
|-
| {{lang|grc|ββ}}
|<tt>bb</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[bb]}}
|{{IPAchar|[bb]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ββ]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[(v)v]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|γγ}}
|<tt>ng</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ŋɡ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ŋɡ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ŋɡ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ŋɡ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɲɟ]}}
|In Contemporary pronunciation, in numerous irregular cases, is pronounced {{IPAchar|[ŋɣ]}} and {{IPAchar|[ɲʝ]}} respectively. Please consult (and preferably cite) a reputable Modern Greek pronunciation source for each word concerned.
|-
| {{lang|grc|γκ}}
|<tt>nk</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ŋk]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ŋk]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ŋk]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ŋɡ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɲɟ]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|γκτ}}
|<tt>nkt</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ŋkt]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ŋkt]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ŋkt]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[ŋkt]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|γμ}}
|<tt>gm</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ŋm]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ŋm]|[m]|[ɡm]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɣm]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[ɣm]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|γξ}}
|<tt>nks</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ŋkʰs]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ŋkʰs]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ŋks]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[ŋks]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|γχ}}
|<tt>nkh</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ŋkʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ŋkʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[◌̃x]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ŋx]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɲç]}}
|In Byzantine pronunciation, this consonant cluster becomes seriously endangered and merges with {{lang|grc|χ}} in common speech, later reintroduced under influence from Katharevousa.
|-
| {{lang|grc|δδ}}
|<tt>dd</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[dd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[dd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ðð]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[(ð)ð]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|κβ}}
|<tt>kb</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ɡb]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡb]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡβ]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[ɡv]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|κγ}}
|<tt>kg</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ɡɡ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡɡ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡɣ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡɣ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɟʝ]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|κδ}}
|<tt>kd</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ɡd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡð]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[ɡð]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|κζ}}
|<tt>kz</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ɡʱzd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡʱz]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡz]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[ɡz]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|κθ}}
|<tt>kth</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[kʰtʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[kʰtʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[kθ]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[kθ]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|κκ}}
|<tt>kk</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[kk]}}
|{{IPAchar|[kk]}}
|{{IPAchar|[kk]}}
|{{IPAchar|[k(ʰ)]}}
|{{IPAchar|[c(ʰ)]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|κξ}}
|<tt>kks</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[kkʰs]}}
|{{IPAchar|[kkʰs]}}
|{{IPAchar|[kks]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[k(ʰ)s]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|κσ}}
|<tt>ks</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[kʰs]}}
|{{IPAchar|[kʰs]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ks]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[ks]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|κσμ}}
|<tt>ksm</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ɡʱzm]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡʱzm]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡzm]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[ɡzm]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|κφ}}
|<tt>kph</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[kʰpʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[kʰpʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[kɸ]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[kf]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|κχ}}
|<tt>kkh</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[kkʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[kkʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[kx]}}
|{{IPAchar|[kx]}}
|{{IPAchar|[cç]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|κψ}}
|<tt>kps</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[kʰpʰs]}}
|{{IPAchar|[kʰpʰs]}}
|{{IPAchar|[kps]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[kps]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|λλ}}
|<tt>ll</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ll]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ll]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ll]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[(l)l]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|μβ}}
|<tt>mb</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[mb]}}
|{{IPAchar|[mb]}}
|{{IPAchar|[mb]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[ɱv]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|μμ}}
|<tt>mm</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[mm]}}
|{{IPAchar|[mm]}}
|{{IPAchar|[mm]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[(m)m]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|μπ}}
|<tt>mp</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[mp]}}
|{{IPAchar|[mp]}}
|{{IPAchar|[mp]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[mb]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|μπτ}}
|<tt>mpt</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[mpt]}}
|{{IPAchar|[mpt]}}
|{{IPAchar|[mpt]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[mpt]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|μφ}}
|<tt>mph</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[mpʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[mpʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[◌̃ɸ]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[ɱf]}}
|In Byzantine pronunciation, this consonant cluster becomes seriously endangered and merges with {{lang|grc|φ}} in common speech, later reintroduced under influence from Katharevousa.
|-
| {{lang|grc|μψ}}
|<tt>mps</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[mpʰs]}}
|{{IPAchar|[mpʰs]}}
|{{IPAchar|[mps]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[mps]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|νδ}}
|<tt>nd</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[nd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[nd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[nd]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[nð]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|νζ}}
|<tt>nz</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ːzd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[nz]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ndz]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[nz]}}
|Not viable in Classical Attic, where the spelling is rare, and the {{lang|grc|ν}} is silent and audibly lengthens the preceding vowel instead.
|-
| {{lang|grc|νθ}}
|<tt>nth</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ntʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ntʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[◌̃θ]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[nθ]}}
|In Byzantine pronunciation, this consonant cluster becomes seriously endangered and merges with {{lang|grc|θ}} in common speech, later reintroduced under influence from Katharevousa.
|-
| {{lang|grc|νν}}
|<tt>nn</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[nn]}}
|{{IPAchar|[nn]}}
|{{IPAchar|[nn]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[(n)n]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|νσ νς}}
|<tt>ns</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ːs]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ns]}}
|{{IPAchar|[◌̃s]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[ns]}}
|Not viable in Classical Attic, where the spelling is rare, and the {{lang|grc|ν}} is silent and audibly lengthens the preceding vowel instead. In Byzantine pronunciation, this consonant cluster becomes seriously endangered and merges with {{lang|grc|σ}} again in common speech, later reintroduced under influence from Katharevousa.
|-
| {{lang|grc|ντ}}
|<tt>nt</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[nt]}}
|{{IPAchar|[nt]}}
|{{IPAchar|[nt]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[nd]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ντζ}}
|<tt>ntz</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ːzd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ndz]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ndz]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[ndz]}}
|Not viable in Classical Attic, where the spelling is rare, and the {{lang|grc|ντ}} is silent and audibly lengthens the preceding vowel instead.
|-
| {{lang|grc|ντσ ντς}}
|<tt>nts</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ːs]}}
|{{IPAchar|[nts]}}
|{{IPAchar|[nts]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[nts]}}
|Not viable in Classical Attic, where the spelling is rare, and the {{lang|grc|ντ}} is silent and audibly lengthens the preceding vowel instead.
|-
| {{lang|grc|ξβ}}
|<tt>ksb</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ɡʱzb]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡʱzb]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡzβ]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[ɡzv]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ξγ}}
|<tt>ksg</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ɡʱzɡ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡʱzɡ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡzɣ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡzɣ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡzʝ]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ξδ}}
|<tt>ksd</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ɡʱzd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡʱzd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡzð]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[ɡzð]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ξζ}}
|<tt>ksz</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ɡʱzzd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡʱzz]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡzz]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[ɡ(z)z]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ξμ}}
|<tt>ksm</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ɡʱzm]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡʱzm]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɡzm]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[ɡzm]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ππ}}
|<tt>pp</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[pp]}}
|{{IPAchar|[pp]}}
|{{IPAchar|[pp]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[p(ʰ)]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|πφ}}
|<tt>pph</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ppʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ppʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[pɸ]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[pf]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ρρ ῤῥ}}
|<tt>rrh</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[rhr]}}
|{{IPAchar|[r(h)r]}}
|{{IPAchar|[rr]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[(r)ɾ]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|σβ}}
|<tt>sb</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[zb]}}
|{{IPAchar|[zb]}}
|{{IPAchar|[zβ]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[zv]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|σγ}}
|<tt>sg</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[zɡ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[zɡ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[zɣ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[zɣ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[zʝ]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|σδ}}
|<tt>sd</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[zd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[zd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[zð]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[zð]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|σζ}}
|<tt>sz</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[zzd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[zz]}}
|{{IPAchar|[zz]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[(z)z]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|Σμ σμ}}
|<tt>sm</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[zm]}}
|{{IPAchar|[zm]}}
|{{IPAchar|[zm]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[zm]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|σσ}}
|<tt>ss</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ss]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ss]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ss]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[(s)s]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|Τζ τζ}}
|<tt>tz</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[zd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[dz]}}
|{{IPAchar|[dz]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[dz]}}
|Not viable in Classical Attic, where the spelling is rare, and is pronounced as {{lang|grc|ζ}}, ''not'' audibly lengthening the preceding vowel as {{lang|grc|νζ}} does.
|-
| {{lang|grc|τθ}}
|<tt>tth</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ttʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ttʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[tθ]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[tθ]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|Τσ τσ τς}}
|<tt>ts</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[s]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ts]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ts]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[ts]}}
|Not viable in Classical Attic, where the spelling is rare, and is pronounced as {{lang|grc|σ}}, ''not'' audibly lengthening the preceding vowel as {{lang|grc|νσ}} does.
|-
| {{lang|grc|ττ}}
|<tt>tt</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[tt]}}
|{{IPAchar|[tt]}}
|{{IPAchar|[tt]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[t(ʰ)]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ψβ}}
|<tt>psb</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[bʱzb]}}
|{{IPAchar|[bʱzb]}}
|{{IPAchar|[bzβ]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[bzv]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ψγ}}
|<tt>psg</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[bʱzɡ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[bʱzɡ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[bzɣ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[bzɣ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[bzʝ]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ψδ}}
|<tt>psd</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[bʱzd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[bʱzd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[bzð]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[bzð]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ψζ}}
|<tt>psz</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[bʱzzd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[bʱzz]}}
|{{IPAchar|[bzz]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[b(z)z]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ψμ}}
|<tt>psm</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[bʱzm]}}
|{{IPAchar|[bʱzm]}}
|{{IPAchar|[bzm]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[bzm]}}
|
|}
 
===αυ/ευ/ηυ exceptions===
This table uses {{lang|grc|ευ}} as an example, but the same principles apply to {{lang|grc|αυ}} and {{lang|grc|ηυ}}, with {{lang|grc|α}} and {{lang|grc|η}} instead of {{lang|grc|ε}}.
{|class = "wikitable"
!Spelling
!Rom.
!Class. IPA
!Koine IPA
!Byzan. IPA
!Cont. IPA
!before {{lang|grc|αι ε ει ευ η ῃ ηυ ι οι υ υι}}
!Notes
|-
| {{lang|grc|ευβ}}
|<tt>eub</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[eʊb]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɛwb]}}
|{{IPAchar|[eββ]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[e(v)v]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ευθ}}
|<tt>euth</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[eʊtʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɛʍtʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[eɸθ]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[efθ]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ευκ}}
|<tt>euk</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[eʊk]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɛʍk]}}
|{{IPAchar|[eɸk]}}
|{{IPAchar|[efk]}}
|{{IPAchar|[efc]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ευξ}}
|<tt>euks</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[eʊkʰs]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɛʍkʰs]}}
|{{IPAchar|[eɸks]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[efks]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ευπ}}
|<tt>eup</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[eʊp]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɛʍp]}}
|{{IPAchar|[eɸp]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[efp]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ευσ ευς}}
|<tt>eus</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[eʊs]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɛʍs]}}
|{{IPAchar|[eɸs]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[efs]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ευσβ}}
|<tt>eusb</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[eʊzb]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɛwzb]}}
|{{IPAchar|[eβzβ]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[evzv]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ευσγ}}
|<tt>eusg</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[eʊzɡ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɛwzɡ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[eβzɣ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[evzɣ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[evzʝ]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ευσδ}}
|<tt>eusd</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[eʊzd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɛwzd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[eβzð]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[evzð]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ευσμ}}
|<tt>eusm</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[eʊzm]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɛwzm]}}
|{{IPAchar|[eβzm]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[evzm]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ευτ}}
|<tt>eut</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[eʊt]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɛʍt]}}
|{{IPAchar|[eɸt]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[eft]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ευτζ}}
|<tt>eutz</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[eʊzd]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɛwdz]}}
|{{IPAchar|[eβdz]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[evdz]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ευφ}}
|<tt>euph</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[eʊpʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɛʍpʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[eɸɸ]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[e(f)f]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ευχ}}
|<tt>eukh</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[eʊkʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɛʍkʰ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[eɸx]}}
|{{IPAchar|[efx]}}
|{{IPAchar|[efç]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ευψ}}
|<tt>eups</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[eʊpʰs]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɛʍpʰs]}}
|{{IPAchar|[eɸps]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[efps]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ευ}}
|<tt>eu</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[eʊ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɛʍ]}}
|{{IPAchar|[eɸ]}}
|colspan="2"|{{IPAchar|[ef]}}
|Specifically in the word-final position.
|}
 
===Consonant-ι exceptions===
Even today, most words of learned Ancient Greek origin have {{lang|grc|ι}} pronounced as {{IPAchar|[i]}}, always a full vowel in its own syllable. However, where {{lang|grc|ι}} is ''understood'' to have come from {{IPAchar|[j]}}, a {{IPAchar|[j]}}-derived pronunciation may reasonably apply. {{IPAchar|[j]}} does not enter the spoken language until the Byzantine period, and some words (such as {{m|grc|Ἰούλιος}}) do ''not'' today have retroactive {{IPAchar|[j]}} pronunciations. But when {{IPAchar|[j]}} does contextually apply, this is how.
{|class = "wikitable"
!Spelling
!Rom.
!Byzan. IPA
!Cont. IPA
!Notes
|-
| {{lang|grc|ι ϊ}}
|<tt>i</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[j]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ʝ]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|γι}}
|<tt>gi</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ɣj]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ʝ]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|γγι}}
|<tt>ngi</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ŋɡj]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɲɟ]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|γκι}}
|<tt>nki</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ŋkj]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɲɟ]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|γχι}}
|<tt>nkhi</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[&nbsp;&nbsp;̃xj]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɲç]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|θι}}
|<tt>thi</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[θj]}}
|{{IPAchar|[θç]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|κι}}
|<tt>ki</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[kj]}}
|{{IPAchar|[c]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|κγι}}
|<tt>kgi</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ɡɣj]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɟʝ]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|κκι}}
|<tt>kki</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[kkj]}}
|{{IPAchar|[(c)c]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|κχι}}
|<tt>kkhi</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[kxj]}}
|{{IPAchar|[cç]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|λι}}
|<tt>li</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[lj]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ʎ]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|λλι}}
|<tt>lli</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[llj]}}
|{{IPAchar|[(ʎ)ʎ]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|νι}}
|<tt>ni</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[nj]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ɲ]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ννι}}
|<tt>nni</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[nnj]}}
|{{IPAchar|[(ɲ)ɲ]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ξι}}
|<tt>ksi</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ksj]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ksç]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|πι}}
|<tt>pi</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[pj]}}
|{{IPAchar|[pç]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|σι}}
|<tt>si</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[sj]}}
|{{IPAchar|[sç]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|τι}}
|<tt>ti</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[tj]}}
|{{IPAchar|[tç]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|φι}}
|<tt>phi</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[ɸj]}}
|{{IPAchar|[fç]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|χι}}
|<tt>khi</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[xj]}}
|{{IPAchar|[ç]}}
|
|-
| {{lang|grc|ψι}}
|<tt>psi</tt>
|{{IPAchar|[psj]}}
|{{IPAchar|[psç]}}
|
|}
A lap eredeti címe: „https://hu.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wikiszótár:ógörög_átírás”