„IPA” változatai közötti eltérés
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aNincs szerkesztési összefoglaló |
aNincs szerkesztési összefoglaló |
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4. sor:
*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet
*http://familientagebuch.de/rainer/2007/38.html#4
==Key==
{| style="background:none;"
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em"
! IPA !! Examples
|-
! colspan="2"| [[Consonant]]s
|-
| {{IPA|/p/}}
| '''p'''en, s'''p'''in, ti'''p'''
|-
| {{IPA|/b/}}
| '''b'''ut, we'''b'''
|-
| {{IPA|/t/}}
| '''t'''wo, s'''t'''ing, be'''t'''
|-
| {{IPA|/d/}}
| '''d'''o, o'''dd'''
|-
| {{IPA|/tʃ/}}
| '''ch'''air, na'''t'''ure, tea'''ch'''
|-
| {{IPA|/dʒ/}}
| '''g'''in, '''j'''oy, e'''dge'''
|-
| {{IPA|/k/}}
| '''c'''at, '''k'''ill, s'''k'''in, '''q'''ueen, thi'''ck'''
|-
| {{IPA|/ɡ/}}
| '''g'''o, '''g'''et, be'''g'''
|-
| {{IPA|/f/}}
| '''f'''ool, enou'''gh''', lea'''f'''
|-
| {{IPA|/v/}}
| '''v'''oice, ha'''ve'''
|-
| {{IPA|/θ/}}
| '''th'''ing, tee'''th'''
|-
| {{IPA|/ð/}}
| '''th'''is, brea'''the''', fa'''th'''er
|-
| {{IPA|/s/}}
| '''s'''ee, '''c'''ity, pa'''ss'''
|-
| {{IPA|/z/}}
| '''z'''oo, ro'''s'''e
|-
| {{IPA|/ʃ/}}
| '''sh'''e, '''s'''ure, emo'''ti'''on, lea'''sh'''
|-
| {{IPA|/ʒ/}}
| plea'''s'''ure, bei'''ge'''
|-
| {{IPA|/h/}}
| '''h'''am, a'''h'''ead
|-
| {{IPA|/m/}}
| '''m'''an, ha'''m'''
|-
| {{IPA|/n/}}
| '''n'''o, ti'''n'''
|-
| {{IPA|/ŋ/}}
| ri'''ng'''er, si'''ng''', si'''n'''k
|-
| {{IPA|/ŋɡ/}}
| fi'''ng'''er
|-
| {{IPA|/l/}}
| '''l'''eft, be'''ll'''
|-
| {{IPA|/r/}}
| '''r'''un, ve'''r'''y<ref>Although the IPA symbol {{IPA|[r]}} represents a [[alveolar trill|trill]], {{IPA|/r/}} is widely used instead of {{IPA|/ɹ/}} in broad transcriptions of English.</ref>
|-
| {{IPA|/j/}}
| '''y'''es
|-
| {{IPA|/w/}}
| '''w'''e
|-
| {{IPA|/ʍ/}}
| '''wh'''at<ref>{{IPA|/ʍ/}} is found in some dialects, such as [[Scottish English|Scottish]] and [[Southern American English]]; elsewhere it is pronounced the same as {{IPA|/w/}}.</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" | Marginal consonants
|-
| {{IPA|/x/}}
| lo'''ch''', '''Ch'''anukkah<ref>In most dialects, {{IPA|/x/}} is pronounced as {{IPA|/k/}} and {{IPA|/h/}}, respectively, in these two words.</ref>
|-
| {{IPA|/ʔ/}}
| uh-oh (/ʌʔoʊ/), Hawaii<ref>Most people pronounce the English word ''Hawaii'' without the {{IPA|/ʔ/}} (glottal stop) that occurs in the Hawaiian word ''Hawai‘i''.</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Stress (linguistics)|Stress]]
|-
| {{IPA|/ˈ/}}
| rowspan="2" | '''in'''to'''na'''tion<br>(/ˌɪntəˈneɪʃən/)<ref>It is arguable that English does not distinguish primary from secondary stress, but it is conventional to notate them as here. Likewise, it is debatable whether a word like ''[[Glennallen, Alaska|Glennallen]]'' is {{IPA|[glɛˈnælən]}} or {{IPA|[glɛnˈælən]}}; for clarity, the former is used.</ref>
|-
| {{IPA|/ˌ/}}
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class="IPA wikitable" style="margin: 1em 2em"
! IPA !! Examples
|-
! colspan="2"| [[Vowel]]s
|-
| {{IPA|/ɪ/}} || b'''i'''d, p'''i'''t<ref name=i>American convention is to write {{IPA|/i/}} when unstressed, as in ''wiki'' {{IPA|/ˈwɪki/}} and ''serious'' {{IPA|/ˈsɪriəs/}}; British convention used to be {{IPA|/ˈwɪkɪ/}} and {{IPA|/ˈsɪərɪəs/}}, but the [[OED]] and other influential dictionaries recently converted to {{IPA|/i/}}.</ref>
|-
| {{IPA|/iː/}} || b'''ea'''d, p'''ea'''t<ref name=i/>
|-
| {{IPA|/ɛ/}} || b'''e'''d, p'''e'''t
|-
| {{IPA|/æ/}} || b'''a'''d, p'''a'''t
|-
| {{IPA|/ɑː/}} || b'''a'''lm, f'''a'''ther, p'''a'''
|-
| {{IPA|/ɒ/}} || b'''o'''d, p'''o'''t, c'''o'''t
|-
| {{IPA|/ɔː/}} || b'''aw'''d, p'''aw''', c'''augh'''t
|-
| {{IPA|/ʊ/}} || g'''oo'''d, f'''oo'''t, p'''u'''t
|-
| {{IPA|/uː/}} || b'''oo'''ed, f'''oo'''d
|-
| {{IPA|/ʌ/}} || b'''u'''d, b'''u'''tt
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Diphthong]]s
|-
| {{IPA|/eɪ/}} || b'''ay''', h'''ey''', f'''a'''te
|-
| {{IPA|/аɪ/}} || b'''uy''', h'''igh''', r'''i'''de, wr'''i'''te
|-
| {{IPA|/aʊ/}} || b'''ough''', h'''ow''', p'''ou'''t
|-
| {{IPA|/ɔɪ/}} || b'''oy''', h'''oy'''
|-
| {{IPA|/oʊ/}} || b'''eau''', h'''oe''', p'''o'''ke<ref>Commonly transcribed as {{IPA|/əʊ/}} or {{IPA|/oː/}}.</ref>
|-
| {{IPA|/juː/}} || b'''eau'''ty, h'''ue''', p'''ew''', n'''ew'''<ref>In many dialects, ''dew'' {{IPA|/djuː/}} is pronounced the same as ''do'' {{IPA|/duː/}}. This is automatic, and therefore only {{IPA|/djuː/}} need be shown in a pronunciation guide.</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" | [[R-colored vowel]]s<ref>In many dialects, {{IPA|/r/}} occurs only before vowels. Note that due to American influence, the [[schwa]]s have been left out in many Wikipedia articles. That is, {{IPA|/ɪər/}} ''etc.'' are not always distinguished from {{IPA|/ɪr/}} ''etc.'' When they are, the distinction may be transcribed {{IPA|/iːr/ ~ /ɪr/}} ''etc.'' by analogy with vowels not followed by {{IPA|/r/}}.</ref>
|-
| {{IPA|/ɪr/}} || m'''irr'''or
|-
| {{IPA|/ɪər/}} || b'''eer''', m'''ere'''
|-
| {{IPA|/ɛr/}} || b'''err'''y, m'''err'''y
|-
| {{IPA|/ɛər/}} || b'''ear''', m'''are''', M'''ar'''y
|-
| {{IPA|/ær/}} || b'''arr'''ow, m'''arr'''y
|-
| {{IPA|/ɑr/}} || b'''ar''', m'''ar'''
|-
| {{IPA|/ɒr/}} || m'''or'''al, f'''or'''age
|-
| {{IPA|/ɔr/}} || b'''or'''n, f'''or'''
|-
| {{IPA|/ɔər/}} || b'''oar''', f'''our''', m'''ore'''
|-
| {{IPA|/ʌr/}} || h'''urr'''y, M'''urr'''ay
|-
| {{IPA|/ʊər/}} || b'''oor''', m'''oor'''
|-
| {{IPA|/ɜr/}} ({{IPA|ɝː}}) || b'''ir'''d, m'''yrrh''', f'''urr'''y
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Unstressed and reduced vowels in English|Reduced vowels]]
|-
| {{IPA|/ɨ/}} || ros'''e'''s, busin'''e'''ss (/ˈbɪznɨs/)<ref>Few British dictionaries distinguish this from {{IPA|/ɪ/}}, though the [[OED]] uses pseudo-IPA symbol {{IPA|ɪ̵}}.</ref>
|-
| {{IPA|/ə/}} || Ros'''a'''’s, cupp'''a''' (/ˈkʌpə/)
|-
| {{IPA|/ər/}} ({{IPA|ɚ}}) || runn'''er''',<ref>Similarly {{IPA|/əl, ən, əm/}} for ''bott'''le''', butt'''on''', rhyth'''m''',''</ref> merc'''er''' (/ˈmɜrsər/)
|}
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[[Kép:IPA_chart_2005.png|850px]]
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