ne5 - particle indicating that a previously asked question is to be applied to the preceding word ("What about ...?", "And ...?")/particle for inquiring about location ("Where is ...?")/particle signaling a pause, to emphasize the preceding words and allow the listener time to take them on board ("ok?", "are you with me?")/(at the end of a declarative sentence) particle indicating continuation of a state or action/particle indicating strong affirmation