Függelék:Konkani Swadesh lista
Presentation
szerkesztés- For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.
American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
List
szerkesztés| № | magyar | konkani कोंकणी edit (104) | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | én | हांव (hā̃v) | |
| 2 | te | तू (tū) | |
| 3 | ő | तो (tô) | |
| 4 | mi | आमि (āmi) | |
| 5 | ti | तुमि (tumi) | |
| 6 | ők | ते (tê) | |
| 7 | ez | व्हो (vhô), य्हो (yhô) | |
| 8 | az | तो (tô) | |
| 9 | itt | हंगा (haṅgā, haṅā) | |
| 10 | ott | थै (thaĩ) | |
| 11 | ki? | कोण (koṇ) | |
| 12 | mi? | किदें (kidễ) | |
| 13 | hol? | खैं (khaĩ) | |
| 14 | mikor? | केन्ना (kênnā) | |
| 15 | hogy?, (hogyan?) | कशे (kaśê) | |
| 16 | nem, ne! | नू (nū) | |
| 17 | mind, (minden) | सग्ळे (sagḷê) | |
| 18 | sok | खूब (khūb) | |
| 19 | néhány | थोडे (thôḍê) | |
| 20 | kevés | माच्चे (mācce) | |
| 21 | más | दुस्रे (dusre) | |
| 22 | egy | एक (ek) | |
| 23 | kettő | दोन (don) | |
| 24 | három | तीन (tīn) | |
| 25 | négy | चार (cār) | |
| 26 | öt | पाच (pāts) | |
| 27 | nagy | व्होड्लो (vhoḍḍlô) | |
| 28 | hosszú | लांब (lāmb) | |
| 29 | széles | रूंद (rūnd) | |
| 30 | vastag | दाट (dāṭ) | |
| 31 | nehéz | जड (zaḍ) | |
| 32 | kicsi | धाक्ले (dhākle) | |
| 33 | rövid | गिड्डो (giḍḍô) | |
| 34 | szűk | येडो (yeḍô) | |
| 35 | vékony | बारीक (bārīk) | |
| 36 | nő | बाइल (bāil) | |
| 37 | férfi | दिद्लो (dādlô) | |
| 38 | ember | मनीस (manīs) | |
| 39 | gyerek | भुर्गो (bhurgô) | |
| 40 | feleség | बाइल (bāil) | |
| 41 | férj | घोव (ghov) | |
| 42 | anya | आवइ (āvai), माय (māy) | |
| 43 | apa | बापुइ (bāpui) | |
| 44 | állat | जनावर (zanāvar) | |
| 45 | hal | मासोळी (māsoḷī), मास्ळी (māsḷī) | |
| 46 | madár | पक्षि (pakśi) | |
| 47 | kutya | कुत्रो (kutrô), सुणो (suṇô) | |
| 48 | tetű | ऊव (ūv), ऊय (ūy) | |
| 49 | kígyó | सोरोप (sorop), जिवाणे (jivāṇê) | |
| 50 | féreg | कीडो (kīḍô) | |
| 51 | fa | झाड (zhāḍ) | |
| 52 | erdő | रान (rān) | |
| 53 | bot | दोणो (dāṇô) | |
| 54 | gyümölcs | फळ (faḷ) | |
| 55 | mag | बी (bī) | |
| 56 | levél | पान (pān) | |
| 57 | gyökér | मूळ (mūḷ) | |
| 58 | kéreg | (झाडाचे) साल ((zhāḍāce) sāl) | |
| 59 | virág | फूल (fūl) | |
| 60 | fű | तण (taṇ) | |
| 61 | kötél | दोरी (dorī) | |
| 62 | bőr | कात (kāt) | |
| 63 | hús | मास (mās) | |
| 64 | vér | रगत (ragat) | |
| 65 | csont | हाड (hāḍ) | |
| 66 | zsír | वोस (vos) | |
| 67 | tojás | ताती (tātī) | |
| 68 | szarv | शींग (śīṅg) | |
| 69 | farok | शेंपडी (śẽpḍī) | |
| 70 | toll | पाक (pāk) | |
| 71 | haj | केस (kês) | |
| 72 | fej | तक्ली (taklī) | |
| 73 | fül | कान (kān) | |
| 74 | szem | दोळो (dôḷô) | |
| 75 | orr | नाक (nāk) | |
| 76 | száj | तोण (tôṇ) | |
| 77 | fog | दात (dāt) | |
| 78 | nyelv | जिब्लि (jibli) | |
| 79 | köröm | नाकुट (nākuṭ) | |
| 80 | lábfej | पाय (pāy) | |
| 81 | láb | पाय (pāy) | |
| 82 | térd | दोपोर (dôpor) | |
| 83 | kéz | हात (hāt) | |
| 84 | szárny | ||
| 85 | has | ||
| 86 | bél | ||
| 87 | nyak | ||
| 88 | hát | ||
| 89 | mell | ||
| 90 | szív | ||
| 91 | máj | ||
| 92 | iszik | पियेव्चे (piyevce), पिव्चे (pivce) | |
| 93 | eszik | खाव्चे (khāvce) | |
| 94 | harap | चाव्चे (ċāvce) | |
| 95 | szopik | चोख्चे (ċokce) | |
| 96 | köp | थुक्चे (thukce) | |
| 97 | hány | वोक्चे (vokce) | |
| 98 | fúj | फूक मार्चे (fūk mārce) | |
| 99 | lélegzik | श्वास घेव्चे (śvās ghevce) | |
| 100 | nevet | हास्चे (hāsce) | |
| 101 | lát | पव्चे (pavce), पळव्चे (paḷavce) | |
| 102 | hall | ऐक्चे (āikce) | |
| 103 | tud | जाण्चे (zāṇce) | |
| 104 | gondol | चित्चे (citce) | |
| 105 | szagol | वास घेव्चे (vās ghevce) | |
| 106 | fél (ige) | भिव्चे (bhivce) | |
| 107 | alszik | न्हिद्चे (nhidce) | |
| 108 | él | जग्चे (zagce) | |
| 109 | meghal | मर्चे (marce) | |
| 110 | megöl | मार्चे (mārce) | |
| 111 | harcol | झगड्चे (zhagaḍce) | |
| 112 | vadászik | शिकार कर्चे (śikār karce) | |
| 113 | üt | ||
| 114 | vág | ||
| 115 | hasít | ||
| 116 | szúr | ||
| 117 | vakar | ||
| 118 | ás | ||
| 119 | úszik | ||
| 120 | repül | ||
| 121 | megy | ||
| 122 | jön | ||
| 123 | fekszik | ||
| 124 | ül | ||
| 125 | áll (ige) | ||
| 126 | fordul | ||
| 127 | esik | ||
| 128 | ad | ||
| 129 | tart | ||
| 130 | facsar | ||
| 131 | dörzsöl | ||
| 132 | mos | ||
| 133 | töröl | ||
| 134 | húz | ||
| 135 | tol | ||
| 136 | dob/hajít | ||
| 137 | köt | ||
| 138 | varr | ||
| 139 | számol | ||
| 140 | mond | ||
| 141 | énekel | ||
| 142 | játszik | ||
| 143 | lebeg | ||
| 144 | folyik | ||
| 145 | megfagy | ||
| 146 | dagad | ||
| 147 | nap | ||
| 148 | hold | ||
| 149 | csillag | ||
| 150 | víz | ||
| 151 | eső | ||
| 152 | folyó | ||
| 153 | tó | ||
| 154 | tenger | ||
| 155 | só | ||
| 156 | kő | ||
| 157 | homok | ||
| 158 | por | ||
| 159 | föld | ||
| 160 | felhő | ||
| 161 | köd | ||
| 162 | ég (főnév) | ||
| 163 | szél | ||
| 164 | hó | ||
| 165 | jég | ||
| 166 | füst | ||
| 167 | tűz | ||
| 168 | hamu | ||
| 169 | ég (ige) | ||
| 170 | út | ||
| 171 | hegy | ||
| 172 | piros/vörös | ||
| 173 | zöld | ||
| 174 | sárga | ||
| 175 | fehér | ||
| 176 | fekete | ||
| 177 | éj | ||
| 178 | nap | ||
| 179 | év | ||
| 180 | meleg | ||
| 181 | hideg | ||
| 182 | teli | ||
| 183 | új | ||
| 184 | régi | ||
| 185 | jó | ||
| 186 | rossz | ||
| 187 | rohadt | ||
| 188 | piszkos | ||
| 189 | egyenes | ||
| 190 | kerek | ||
| 191 | éles | ||
| 192 | tompa | ||
| 193 | sima | ||
| 194 | nedves | ||
| 195 | száraz | ||
| 196 | helyes | ||
| 197 | közel | ||
| 198 | távol | ||
| 199 | jobb | ||
| 200 | bal | ||
| 201 | -nál, -nél | ||
| 202 | -ban, -ben | ||
| 203 | -val, -vel | ||
| 204 | és | ||
| 205 | ha | ||
| 206 | mert | ||
| 207 | név |